Melatonin, often referred to as the "sleep hormone," is naturally produced by the body and plays a crucial role in regulating sleep cycles. Its production peaks at night after exposure to sunlight during the day; however, factors such as age, gender, season, and health conditions can influence its levels. Synthetic melatonin supplements have become widely available to address sleep disorders.
In the United States, melatonin is classified as a dietary supplement, making it accessible in pharmacies and online platforms without a prescription. This ease of access contrasts with stricter regulations in other countries, where a doctor’s prescription is required. However, recent concerns about the side effects and misuse of melatonin have sparked a debate over its widespread availability.
In contrast to prescription medications, dietary supplements such as melatonin face less stringent regulation from authorities. Research has identified inconsistencies between the stated and actual melatonin amounts in various products, combined with widespread consumer confusion regarding proper dosages and usage. These factors lead to a variety of side effects, which may include headaches, daytime sleepiness, nausea, fatigue, and even nightmares.